We've used an adapted version of Bloom's Taxonomy to determine difficulty levels. One dot questions are for all students, and they get harder from there.
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One dot questions are primarily low level questions requiring simple recall, labelling, naming or describing. There may be some simple calculations or extraction of data involved from bar charts or simple tables.

One dot questions are for all students.
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Two dot questions are more conceptually challenging or more complicated questions involving some synthesis or processing of information, or simple calculations. These will involve using a formula and students might need to perform a simple manipulation. Graph work involves some extraction of data and reading values.
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Three dot questions are much more conceptually challenging, requiring synthesis and processing of information, evaluation of information, or complex calculations. These questions might contain multiple step calculations, possibly involving a formula. Students might need to manipulate the formula or convert the units. The data for the answer might need to be processed before use. Graph work involves extraction of multiple pieces of data and identifying values from line graphs. Some extrapolation might be required.
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Four dot questions are the most difficult in Educake. In addition to the requirements of a three dot question, students might need to link concepts in order to answer a four dot question.